What penalties are envisioned for offences related to unlawful conduct of campaign financing?
Tonga
- Fine
- Declare the election of a candidate void; Remove from elected office.
Electoral Act 1989
PART IV - ELECTION OFFENCES
24. Permitted electionexpenses.
(1) No candidate may spend,on any election campaign, more than the sum of $10,000.
(2) Without prejudice tothe generality of subsection (1), the following payments are deemed to bespending on an election campaign - unless contrary to section 21 —
(a) any donation madewithin 6 months of an election, either by a
candidate or on his behalf;
(b) the cost of anyentertaining (including food, drink or provision)
paid by or on behalf of acandidatewithin 6 months of an election;
(c) travelling ortransportation expenses paid by
or on behalf of acandidate, to enable people to travel to a polling station.
(3) For the purposes ofthis section any sum expended by a candidate for his personal expenses, orthose relating to
his spouse; parents;grandparents;
grandchildren; the brothersand sisters
and half brothers and halfsisters of
his parents; spouse'sparents; brothers
and sisters and halfbrothers and
half sisters, or theirchildren; or the
brothers and sisters andhalf brothers
and half sisters of hisspouse, or their children; or in relation to a church or for a charitablepurpose, shall be disregarded.
(4) Within one month afteran election, every candidate shall deliver to the Supervisor a sworn statementof his election expenses, itemised and complete in all respects.
(5) It is an offence forany candidate to spend on an election campaign more than the sum of $10,000 orto fail to deliver the statement referred to in subsection (4) or to deliver afalse
statement, and any personfound guilty shall be liable to a fine not exceeding $10,000.
(6) If a person convicted under subsection (5) was elected at theelection, and if the court considers that the circumstances of the offence aresufficiently serious, the court may declare the candidate’s election to be voidand if he has already taken his seat in the Legislative Assembly he shall beunseated by the Assembly.
http://legislation.to/Tonga/DATA/PRIN/1989-022/ElectoralAct1989.pdf