Additional information about gender quotas

Previously, the electoral system was a closed list proportional representation system whereby parties presented closed lists, with one-third of the elected candidates being women. In December 2008, the Constitutional Court deemed Article 214 of the electoral law unconstitutional, leading to the adoption of the open list system.

"The 2019 elections were the first to see the number of women elected to Indonesia’s national parliament, the People’s Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, DPR), break through the barrier of 20%, with 120 of the DPR’s 575 seats (20.9%) taken by women" (Aspinall, White, & Savirani, 2021).