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OSCE, The Netherlands, Parliamentary Elections (17 March 2021), ODIHR Needs Assessment Mission Report (19 – 22 January 2021), accessed 1 April 2021

IDEA Handbook refers to e-voting, but there were only pilots in 2004 for e-voting from abroad (so they were not legally binding).

After 2000, a discussion started on a next step: the introduction of electronic voting from a distance, outside polling stations. In 2004 there was an experiment with internet voting for the European Elections for Dutch citizens living abroad. There were also experiments on the regional level: the Regional Water Authorities made it possible to vote by telephone and later also through the internet. There was some public debate on these internet experiments. Some citizens and organizations expressed serious doubts about the safety of internet voting and about the possibility of influencing voters when voting outside the safe environment of a polling station.