Number of tiers

1995 Electoral Code, , Articles 3, 14-16 (unchanged from 1988 Law) 1995 Electoral Code amended 1997 not found “The Sources of Electoral Reform in Venezuela”, Crisp and Rey, pp173-193, and “The Legislative Consequences of MMP Rules in Venezuela”, Kulisheck and Crisp, pp404-431, in “Mixed Member Electoral Systems: The Best of Both Worlds?”, Shugart and Wattenberg, OUP 2001

88 FPTP/BV, 119 List PR using closed list and d’Hondt with up to 5 additional seats to improve proportionality. 1995 Electoral Law introduced BV for plurality/majority seats in municipalities.