Sri Lanka’s Parliament consists of 225 seats. Of these 196 are directly elected from 22 multi-member districts and 29 are chosen via a national open-list proportional system. Seat allocation by district is determined by the Election Commission based on population. After President Dissanayake's victory in the presidential election 21 September 2024, Parliament was dissolved, leading to a snap parliamentary election on 14 November.

The president of Sri Lanka is directly elected through a supplementary voting system: voters rank at least one, and up to three candidates in order of preference. If a candidate wins an absolute majority, they are declared the winner. If not, a second round is held to determine the winner between the top two, by transferring second or third preferences from candidates eliminated in the first round.