Are official election results processed by an electronic tabulation system?

EU Election Observation Mission, Ghana General Elections, 2016, FINAL REPORT, accessed 27 September 2018

“On 26 November, just ten days before elections, the EC presented the complementary Election Results Management System to parties and other stakeholders. The in-house developed system for electronic results transmission from the constituency to national level was supposed to run parallel to the main manual collation system and boost transparency of the process by, among other things, displaying progressive results on screens in collation centres. However, the system was completed extremely late in the process and there was only very limited time available for field testing and staff training. During the collation process the system experienced several technical problems and instances of malfunctioning and consequently the EC decided on 8 December to stop using it, which caused consternation among stakeholders and a void of information at a critical juncture. [...]

The EC used the official manual results transmission system, by which hardcopies of polling station results forms were physically delivered to the respective returning officers at the constituency level and constituency collation centre results were then delivered to the respective regional office for faxing to the national collation centre, where the final collation of presidential results took place.”

It has to be noted that for 2016 elections the Election Commission introduced complementary Election Results Management System for electronic results transmission from the constituency to national level. However, during the results collation process the system experienced several technical problems and consequently the Commission decided to stop using it.