General Election, 9 June 2024

San Marino is a parliamentary republic with a proportional representation system using the d'Hondt method. The Consiglio Grande e Generale, its 60-member Parliament, is elected every five years. Voters must be 18, and candidates at least 21. Voter registration is passive and there are no provisions for voting abroad, although respondents emphasized the need to better support the electoral participation of the significant number of citizens living abroad. (Council of Europe n.d.). The Electoral Commission of San Marino is the central body responsible for overseeing and organizing elections in the country, ensuring the integrity, transparency, and fairness of the electoral process (San Marino n.d.).

In preparation for the 2024 general elections, the Electoral Commission worked with international agencies including the OSCE’s Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, which conducted a Needs Assessment Mission on 13–15 May. The ODIHR’s report notes that San Marino’s Electoral Law does not currently provide for election observation, either international or by domestic civil society. A change in this area would bring the framework more into line with OSCE commitments, as would regulation of the campaign. There have been cases of online platforms posing as news source (OSCE 2024). Criminal penalties for defamation are in place, which may potentially impact press freedoms (OSCE 2024; Freedom House 2025).

In the 2024 elections, 38,338 voters participated – a  turnout of 50.73 per cent, exactly five per cent lower than in 2019 (International IDEA n.d.b). In 2024, a significant power shift occurred compared to 2019, when PDCS held 21 seats. In the new results, PDCS lost its dominance, while Tomorrow – Motus Liberi (DML) gained strength, securing 5 seats. (San Marino n.d) This reflects a shift in the political landscape, with new forces like DML rising and reducing PDCS's traditional dominance (Libertas). Women make up 35 per cent of elected representatives, meeting the 33 per cent legal quota. This is an increase from 33.3 % prior to the election (International IDEA n.d.).