Slovakia is a parliamentary republic. The prime minister heads the government and the largely ceremonial president oversees foreign policy, holding a technical power of veto over new legislation, and making some official appointments (Freedom House 2024).

Finland held presidential elections on 28 January 2024. The country is a parliamentary republic whose unicameral Parliament (Edskunta) consists of 200 seats.

Tuvalu held elections for its unicameral parliament, the Tuvaluan House of Assembly (Fale I Fono), on 26 January 2024. The 16 members of the House are elected by plurality vote in multi-member constituencies to four-year terms. There are no political parties in Tuvalu; all candidates run as independents. The Prime Minister is elected by the members of parliament (IFES 2024).

On 13 January 2024, Taiwan held the regularly scheduled presidential and legislative elections following the two-term rule of the previous president. In Taiwan, the president is directly elected by a majority vote for a four-year term with a maximum of two terms.