On 30 October 2024, Botswana held elections for its 65-member National Assembly. Members serve five-year terms – 57 are elected, by single-seat constituencies through plurality vote; six are nominated by the President; and the President and the Speaker are the remaining two members (IFES n.d).

The National Assembly in Senegal consists of 165 seats, with 112 elected through a majority system and the remaining 53 proportionally by a national list system. President Bassirou Diomaye Faye dissolved the National Assembly on 12 September 2024, leading to a snap parliamentary election on 17 November.

Sri Lanka’s Parliament consists of 225 seats. Of these 196 are directly elected from 22 multi-member districts and 29 are chosen via a national open-list proportional system. Seat allocation by district is determined by the Election Commission based on population. After President Dissanayake's victory in the presidential election 21 September 2024, Parliament was dissolved, leading to a snap parliamentary election on 14 November.

On 10 November 2024 Mauritius voted for a new parliament, directly electing 62 MPs using a block vote system (International IDEA n.d.). Mauritius is divided into 20 constituencies. In 19 of these, voters cast three ballots for three seats, and in one constituency (Rodrigues) there are two ballots for two seats. The three candidates with the most votes in the constituency (two in Rodrigues) each secure a seat in parliament (IPU Parline n.d.).

Palau held presidential and legislative elections on 5 November 2024. The president is elected through a two-round system and can serve for two consecutive four-year terms. The National Congress is bicameral and contains a Senate with 13 seats and a House of Delegates with 16 seats. House of Delegates’ members are elected for four years through single-member constituencies reflecting the 16 states of Palau. The Senate is directly elected, for four-year terms, via block vote through one national constituency.

Uruguay held elections on 27 October 2024, electing the president and members of the bicameral General Asssembly. The president is elected by a two-round system. If no candidate receives a majority of the votes in the first round, a run-off takes place between the two leading candidates (International IDEA n.d.a).

Georgia held parliamentary elections on 26 October 2024, electing 150 candidates to the unicameral parliament by list proportional representation (International IDEA n.d.). The responsible authority for organizing elections is the Central Electoral Commission an independent body (CEC n.d.).

The Moldovan president is elected through popular vote, for a maximum of two consecutive four-year terms. If no candidate wins a majority in the first round of voting, there is a second round between the two leading candidates.

Mozambique’s presidential, legislative and provincial elections took place on 9 October 2024. The president is elected by popular vote, after which the president appoints the prime minister. A unicameral parliament, the Assembly of the Republic’s 250 members are elected by proportional representation (Freedom House 2024).

Tunisia’s president is elected through a two-round majority vote. Constitutional changes took place in 2022, giving more power to the president and less to political parties. The 6 October 2024 election was the first presidential election since the new constitution, with three candidates running.