Parliamentary elections were held on the 28 June 2024 (International IDEA n.d.). Mongolia is a semi-presidential state with a president who is Head of State and a unicameral parliament, the State Ikh Khural.

Bulgaria held its sixth early parliamentary election in three years on 9 June 2024. The parliament consists of 240 seats which are proportionally elected on a 4 year-term (ACE). The responsible election management body is the Central Electoral Commission (CEC), which consists of 15 commissioners appointed by the president. Commissioners are chosen to reflect the balance of political parties’ representation in the parliament.

On 9 June 2024 Belgian citizens took part in the European Union Parliamentary election, and the federal and regional elections. Belgium is a “double-layered” federal state, whose governance system consists of federal, regional and community parliaments. All levels of government operate as parallel systems but sometimes share responsibilities and jurisdiction (Senate n.d.).

On 2 June 2024, federal and legislative elections were held over the 32 federal entities of Mexico.

On 1 June 2024, Iceland held presidential elections won by Halla Tomasdottir. A parliamentary republic, Iceland’s presidential elections take place every four years; there is no limit on on the number of four-year terms a president may serve.

Madagascar held parliamentary elections on 29 May 2024, presidential elections having taken place in 2023. Madagascar is a semi-presidential republic with a bicameral legislature. 87 members are elected by plurality vote from single-seat constituencies and 64 are elected by closed-list proportional representation from multi-seat constituencies. All members are directly elected and serve five-year terms.

On 29 May 2024, South Africa held general elections for the National Assembly, National Council of Provinces and the president. In South African general elections, registered voters elect 400 members of the National Assembly (Freedom House 2024). Following the election of the National Assembly, the newly elected members of parliament vote on the president.